Overview
Self-represented ("pro se" or "pro per") litigants participate in courts without an attorney. This area examines the resources, procedures, and treatment they encounter.
Background
Courts across the country handle large numbers of cases in which at least one party has no lawyer. Procedural rules, filing systems, and courtroom practices were largely designed with attorneys in mind, which can create barriers for people navigating the process on their own.
Key questions
- What information and forms are available to self-represented litigants, and are they understandable?
- How do filing systems, deadlines, and fees affect people without counsel?
- What accommodations or assistance do courts provide?
- How are self-represented litigants treated in hearings and procedures?
Relevant research and related reports
No reports have been published in this area yet.
Search the research libraryRelated professionals
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Relevant professional categories
Opportunities to participate
Share your experience as a self-represented litigant, contribute as a court procedure researcher, or join the Pro Se and Pro Per Rights task force.
Suggested resources
- Your court's self-help center and published local rules
- State judicial branch forms libraries
- Court access and language assistance offices
These are general categories of official sources. Consult the authority in your own jurisdiction.